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Authors
Toda, Ayumi
Hiroyama, Natsuko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0519-0486
Shibanuma, Akira
Ozasa, Yuka
Matsuzaki, Masayo
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Declarations
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: Prior to completing the initial questionnaire, all participants reviewed and acknowledged the study procedures provided on the website. Online informed consent was obtained by requiring participants to click the agreement button, and the survey was conducted anonymously. As an incentive, 450 randomly selected participants who completed the second questionnaire were provided with a 500-yen (approximately 3.5 USD) gift card. The participants’ e-mail addresses were collected solely for this purpose. This study was approved by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Tokyo Medical and Dental University (M2023-197). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
