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Article History

Received: 4 August 2025

Accepted: 20 January 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Weifang Maternal and Child Health Hospital on April 15, 2024 (Approval No.: KY202445). This study adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants signed informed consent forms prior to enrollment. Strict confidentiality measures were implemented throughout the study to ensure the anonymity of all participants.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.