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Article History

Received: 23 November 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 31 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted as part of a classroom-based educational innovation within the undergraduate nursing curriculum and did not involve patients, clinical interventions, or the collection of identifiable personal data. According to the regulations of the Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, educational studies of this nature meet the criteria for exemption from formal ethical review; therefore, ethics approval was not required. The study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All participating students received written and verbal information about the activity, and participation was entirely voluntary and anonymous. Completion of the learning activity and associated questionnaires was considered informed consent, in accordance with institutional policy. The patient narratives used as source material were obtained from a previously published, fully anonymised qualitative study [ ].

: Not applicable. The manuscript does not contain any identifiable images, personal information, or clinical details of individual participants.

: The authors declare no competing interests.