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Article History

Received: 9 January 2026

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 2 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Nursing, Cairo University (Approval No. 8–1-2025; 29 January 2025). Official administrative permission was also secured from Kasr Al-Ainy University Hospital prior to data collection. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All Primiparous women were fully informed about the study’s purpose, procedures, potential benefits, and their right to withdraw at any time without any effect on the care they received. Written informed consent was obtained from all Primiparous women before enrollment. Confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained throughout the study.

: Not applicable. No individual-level identifiable data, images, or personal information are included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.