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Article History

Received: 22 September 2025

Accepted: 5 February 2026

First Online: 10 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Approval No. 402000619; IR.KMU.REC.1402.367). All steps and procedures adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants before their involvement in the study. The consent form detailed the study’s purpose, procedures and emphasized that participation was entirely voluntary. Participants were explicitly informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty or impact on their employment. To ensure confidentiality and privacy, all collected data were anonymized. Participants’ identities were replaced with unique codes, and any identifying information was stored separately from the research data under secure conditions. Data protection was maintained by storing all electronic files on a password-protected computer, while hard copies were kept in a locked cabinet accessible only to the research team. Formal permission to use the data collection instruments (the LEAD questionnaire and the Warr-Cook-Wall job satisfaction scale) was secured, and their use complied with the terms of the licenses. The study protocol and consent procedures were also approved by the administrative authorities of the hospitals involved, from whom necessary permissions were obtained before data collection began.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.