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Article History

Received: 7 December 2025

Accepted: 9 February 2026

First Online: 13 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with relevant ethical guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University (approval number 2023KY035, 11 October 2023). Participation was entirely voluntary. Before accessing the questionnaire, all potential participants were presented with an electronic information sheet describing the purpose and procedures of the study, the confidential and anonymous handling of their data, and their right to withdraw at any time. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants; completion and electronic submission of the questionnaire were taken to indicate provision of informed consent.

: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form.

: The authors declare no competing interests.