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Authors
Masudi, Mohammad https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0525-0228
Moneer, Abbas Ali
Aazar, Khalil Ahamad https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1515-0592
Rahimi, Ali https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5821-9177
Ejaz, Enayatollah https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0899-8298
Shayan, Nasar Ahmad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-7765
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Article History
Received: 3 October 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 16 February 2026
Declarations
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: This study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Jami University, Herat, Afghanistan (Approval Code: J.2024.2.23.6). In addition, administrative permission was obtained from each participating hospital prior to data collection. All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment. Participation was voluntary, anonymity and confidentiality were ensured, and participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without consequences. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable, this study does not include identifying images or personal/clinical details of individual participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
