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Authors
Gao, Xiang
Wang, Xuemei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
"Clinical Competency Enhancement Initiative" Nursing Program, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital, 2022
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study is approved by the Ethics Committee of The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, written informed consent was obtained.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
