Funding for this research was provided by:
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
Article History
Received: 3 February 2026
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 28 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in strict accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID: IR.ZUMS.REC.1403.334). Formal permission to translate and psychometrically evaluate the instrument was obtained from the original developer. All participants were fully informed about the study’s objectives and the confidentiality of their data. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.