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Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Accepted: 23 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Wenzhou Central Hospital (Approval No. L2025-01-008, approved on January 1, 2025). All participants were informed about the purpose, procedures, and voluntary nature of the study prior to participation. Participation was entirely voluntary. To strictly protect participant privacy and data confidentiality, all data were collected anonymously through an encrypted electronic platform. Responses were de-identified during the analysis phase, and raw data were stored on a password-protected server accessible only to the primary research team. Completion and submission of the electronic questionnaire were considered to indicate informed consent to participate.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.