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Article History

Received: 3 November 2025

Accepted: 23 February 2026

First Online: 26 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Shandong Province, China (Approval No.: [2023263]). Prior to participation, all participants were provided with detailed information regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants were informed that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any negative consequences. Anonymity and confidentiality were rigorously maintained, and all data were securely stored and used solely for research purposes.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.