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Article History

Received: 1 October 2025

Accepted: 24 February 2026

First Online: 4 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The Ethics Committee permission required to conduct the research was obtained from the Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Decision Number: Approval Number: 09.2019.388). prior to data collection.In addition, formal permission was granted by the Provincial Directorate of National Education, and the participating school administration also provided written approval for the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all participating students and their parents or legal guardians, who were contacted through the school administration and the students themselves. The school administration and classroom teachers fully cooperated with the research team, facilitating the implementation of the project by arranging the school health room, providing necessary resources, and supporting other logistical needs throughout the study. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Authorization for the use of the Omaha System form was granted before conducting this study. Since the data from participants were collected anonymously, consent for publication is not applicable.

: During the development of this manuscript, the author utilized ChatGPT (ChatGPT-4o) for support with language editing, including grammar correction and sentence restructuring to enhance clarity.

: The authors declare no competing interests.