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Authors
Ma, Bin
Wang, Jingjing
Zhang, Mengyuan
Hou, Yue
Chen, Ou
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172543)
National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province (ZR2024MH071)
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Article History
Received: 2 June 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing and Rehabilitation of Shandong University (2021-R-127) before the investigation. And In adherence to the ethical principles and guidelines, including the Helsinki Declaration, the authors of this article have ensured that informed consent was obtained from all participants. Informed written consent was obtained in the study. They have also guaranteed the confidentiality of the collected information and provided participants with the complete freedom to join or leave the study at any time.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
