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Article History

Received: 8 January 2026

Accepted: 25 February 2026

First Online: 3 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The study received ethical approval from the Ministry of Health Institutional Review Board, Makkah, Saudi Arabia (IRB-Makkah; IRB No. H-02-K-076-0525-1343. All procedures complied with ICH-GCP and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent amendments, or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.