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Article History

Received: 28 January 2026

Accepted: 11 March 2026

First Online: 3 April 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University (Approval No: 416, Date: August 2025). The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection.

: ChatGPT 5.2 (OpenAI) and NotebookLM were used for language editing, improving manuscript clarity, and structural refinement of the manuscript. The authors reviewed and revised all generated content and take full responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the manuscript.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.