Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Lee, Kyounga https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0550-6070
Kim, Yunmi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-8033
Kim, Hyun-Young https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-9150
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 21 December 2025
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 18 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Gachon University (Approval Number: 1044396-202501-HR-021-01). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Gachon University in accordance with the Bioethics and Safety Act of Korea, as the study utilized publicly available hospital-level disclosure data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) website rather than individual identifiable patient information. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Ethical Principles for Human Subjects as defined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
