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Authors
Chou, Yen-Fang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-0444
Chi, Shu-Fen
Lin, Chiu-Tzu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6517-2003
Yeh, Shu-Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3371-4037
Lu, Hsing-Ju https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0664-4048
Tsai, Mei-Chu https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5018-1046
Tseng, Yi-Ping https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4651-0979
Yu, Wen-Pin
Chiang, Ming-Chu
Han, Chin-Yen https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7464-7507
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chang Gung Medical Foundation (BMRPB93)
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 30 March 2026
First Online: 4 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Medical Foundation (Approval No. 202401720B0, Nov 26, 2024) for studies involving humans. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were provided with a detailed informed consent form explaining the purpose, procedures, and voluntary nature of the study, along with the right to withdraw at any time without consequence.
: Not applicable. No identifying images or other personal or clinical details of participants that compromise anonymity are presented in this manuscript.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
