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Authors
Shi, Jiyuan
Chen, Hongshuang
Shi, Chenghao
Su, Chunxiang
Yue, Shujin
Li, Weihong
Liu, Xiangdi
Zhou, Yujie
Zhong, Yinqin
Chen, Bin
Sun, Chao
Sang, Kuilin
Li, Zheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
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Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 7 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Declarations
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: Prior to the start of the study, approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the School of Nursing, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Ethics Number: PUMCSON-2022-13). All participants were provided informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable. This study did not include any individual person’s identifiable data, images, or clinical details.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
