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Authors
Xiao, Xuejun
Xie, Ying
Dai, Xiaohong
Li, Lijuan
Huang, Xiaoji
Wang, Wanchao
Gao, Yan
She, Lingzhi
Zhao, Xiangfeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Teaching Reform Program of Guangxi Vocational Education (Grant No. GXGZJG2024B223)
the Joint Special Project of Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 2025JJH140372)
he 2025 Academic Backbone Program for Enhancing Basic Research Capacity in Nursing of Guilin Medical University (Grant No. 202504025)
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 9 April 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guilin Medical University (approval No. GLMC201241001, date of approval: 18 October, 2024). All participating students provided informed consent prior to enrollment in the study. They were informed that the survey would be completed anonymously via the Wenjuanxing platform, and that all information provided would be kept strictly confidential by the researchers.
: All students who participated in this study provided written informed consent allowing their images to be used for academic publication purposes. Written informed consent was obtained from the parent/legal guardian for the publication of the image(s) used in this study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
