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Article History

Received: 26 December 2025

Accepted: 14 April 2026

First Online: 24 April 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was approved by State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center(B2025-512-01). The study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Before enrollment, all participants received detailed information regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks, benefits, confidentiality, and the voluntary nature of participation. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants, and the study adhered to applicable ethical standards.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.