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Authors
Fang, Qinghong
Zhao, Yan
Lai, Meiyu
Hu, Guangqian
Li, Muli
Zhou, Xiaojun
Rao, Yunyan
Ma, Xiaoyin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Project of Guangzhou Nursing Society in 2025 (L2025036)
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Article History
Received: 15 January 2026
Accepted: 28 April 2026
First Online: 20 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University Ethics Committee (Approval No. ES-2025-K277-02). Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Information of all nurses was kept confidential.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
