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Article History

Received: 11 February 2026

Accepted: 4 May 2026

First Online: 7 May 2026

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki [ ] and Norwegian regulations. Ethical approval was granted by the Faculty’s Ethics Committee at the University of Agder, while the processing of personal data was assessed and recommended by Sikt – Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (formerly Norwegian Centre for Research Data, reference number: (387959). All participants gave written informed consent to participate in the study and were informed about their rights according to data protection regulations [ ]. (Names and other identifying details in field notes and transcripts were replaced with codes (e.g., [name of PHN]). Parents were informed that participation would not affect care, though the researcher’s presence during well-child visits may have influenced the interactions.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Language editing and editorial improvements were partially supported by a large language model tool (Microsoft Copilot, Microsoft). The model was used to suggest linguistic refinements, but all changes were reviewed and approved by the authors.