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Authors
Hu, Shuang
Liu, Siying
Hu, Huiping
Hu, Jiale
Shumaila, Batool
Chen, Wenjun
Yang, Qizhi
Liu, Gaoming
Välimäki, Maritta
Li, Xianhong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Scholarship Council (Not applicable)
Department of Science and Technology of Hunan Province (2025JJ80833)
Finnish National Agency of Education, Asia Program (26/270/2020)
University of Turku (26003424)
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 23 May 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committees of Nursing and Behavioral Medicine Research at the Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University (Number: E2023134; Date: July 4, 2023). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in the focus group interviews. Participants were also asked to give their verbal informed consent voluntarily before the video and voice recording started. Participants were assigned a label to avoid using their real names in the focus group interview to protect their privacy. They were also informed that all information they provided would be confidential and secure. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
