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Authors
Haiping, Yu
Yuhan, Li
Weiying, Zhang
Youqing, Peng
Jianhong, Lv
Yali, Zhang
Yangyang, Li
Yajuan, Zhang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
2025 Key Project (First Batch) of Shanghai Nursing Society
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Article History
Received: 15 October 2025
Accepted: 17 June 2026
First Online: 11 July 2026
Declarations
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: This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Oriental Hospital (Tongji University Affiliated) (EC.D(BG).016.02.1). All participants signed written informed consent, and their private information was anonymized. The study strictly adhered to the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All images or data that may involve identifiable individuals in this study have been obtained with written publication informed consent from participants.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
