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Authors
Elsayed, Rehab Ragab Bayoumi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9564-2801
Nagy, Ahmed Mohamed Elmarakby https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5904-2220
El-Said Hussein, Eman Sobhy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9864-7803
Elsayed, Reham Adel Ebada https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9428-2413
Ramadan, Reda Mohamed El-Sayed https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1430-7658
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Article History
Received: 17 May 2026
Accepted: 24 June 2026
First Online: 4 July 2026
Declarations
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: Prior to data collection, ethical approval was obtained from the Scientific Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Nursing, Zagazig University, Egypt (Approval No.: ZuNur.REC.520). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to participation. Participants were informed about the purpose of the study, their right to refuse participation or withdraw at any time without penalty, and the voluntary nature of participation. Confidentiality and anonymity were assured throughout the study, and all collected data were used solely for research purposes.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
