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Authors
Fan, Hui-Ying
Zhou, Qing
Deng, Li-Li
Sun, Lu-Lu
Tam, I-Lam
Wan, Zhen
Zhang, Xiao-Li
Wang, Meng-Qian
Ho, Hoi Kei
Ng, Chee H.
Xiang, Yu-Tao
Wang, Gang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Education Department of Hainan Province (Hnjg2024ZC-55)
the Hainan Medical University (HYYB202326)
the University of Macau (MYRG-GRG2023-00141-FHS; CPG2025-00021-FHS)
Beijing High Level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project (Discipline Backbone-01-028)
the Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (No. Z181100001518005)
the Capital's Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH 2024-2-1174)
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 25 June 2026
First Online: 15 July 2026
Declarations
Human ethics and consent to participate: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University of Macau (Date: 04.05.2025; Ethics Approval Number: HE-0687-2025). Electronic informed consent form was obtained from all participants before the survey. The research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
