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Article History

Received: 15 May 2026

Accepted: 6 July 2026

First Online: 9 July 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Birjand University of Medical Sciences (IR.BUMS.REC.1402.216). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection. Participants were informed about the study objectives, confidentiality of data, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without consequences. To ensure anonymity and confidentiality, numerical codes were used instead of participants’ names. Due to the qualitative nature of the study and privacy considerations, the raw interview data are not publicly available and were accessible only to the research team.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.