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Article History

Received: 29 April 2026

Accepted: 8 July 2026

First Online: 16 July 2026

Declarations

Ethical approval: Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, King Khalid University, KSA (ECM#2024 − 1501). The study followed the principles provided in the Helsinki Declaration.

Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all of the participants in the study.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

AI disclosure: In accordance with transparency and ethical research standards, the authors used Grammarly AI as a supplementary tool to enhance the clarity, flow, and grammatical accuracy of this manuscript. Specifically, the tool was utilized to refine sentence structure and syntax, correct spelling and punctuation, and ensure consistency in terminology and stylistic conventions. The authors maintained full control over the final content and reviewed all AI-generated suggestions, ensuring that all data analysis, interpretations, and conclusions remain the original work of the authors, who take full responsibility for the accuracy and integrity of the final paper.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.