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Authors
Akay, Gamze https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1706-2489
Saruhan, Uğur https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3275-3448
Saruhan, Yeşim https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7784-2114
Koç, Elif Simay https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-2954
Oğuzhan, Hatice https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-8673
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Article History
Received: 11 February 2026
Accepted: 16 July 2026
First Online: 20 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was submitted to and approved by the Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Committee of Gümüşhane University (Approval date: 30 October 2025; Meeting no: 2025/8; Decision no: E-95674917-108.99-379360). Institutional permission was obtained from the relevant institutions prior to data collection. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The purpose and procedures of the study were clearly explained to all participants, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. Participation was entirely voluntary, and confidentiality and anonymity were assured.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Informed consent: Written consent has been obtained from the participants.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
