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A micro-learning-based education program about the principles of physical restraint using a mobile application and nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and performance regarding physical restraint for the elderly

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05099-5

Published Online: 2026-07-24

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Mashhadban, Majid

Hejazi, Sima

Khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh

Sharifian, Elham

Vazifehparast, Iman
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-07-24

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-07-24
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Article History

Received: 22 September 2024

Accepted: 18 July 2026

First Online: 24 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: The participants were assured that their data would remain confidential. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants. The research proposal has been approved by the Ethics Committee of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences (code: IR.NKUMS.REC.1401.029). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

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