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Article History

Received: 23 December 2025

Accepted: 22 July 2026

First Online: 27 July 2026

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate: Ethical approval was granted by the Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee (GHS-ERC number 084/05/25) to follow its research guidelines, and this study passed scientific reviews organised by the Scientific Research Administration. Participants were reminded that their participation was completely voluntary and were asked to sign written informed consent forms. To protect the participants’ anonymity, no personal information was disclosed, and pseudonyms and codes were used. Transcripts were stored securely on password-protected devices accessible only to the research team. Participants were also allowed to review their transcripts and provide feedback (member checking) to enhance ethical validation and accuracy. The methods were carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent for publication: All participants were informed that the findings from this study would be shared with the scientific community through a peer-reviewed journal publication, and they provided written informed consent for their personal information, along with any identifying images, to be published in this study.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.