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Authors
Wang, Shanshan
Xu, Linlin
Wang, Yu
Chang, Zhi
Li, Xiuyan
Wu, Xiuyun https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6612-8259
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the 2024 Weifang Science and Technology Development Research Innovation Team Program (2024RKX056)
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 29 July 2026
First Online: 4 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the statement of ‘Declaration of Helsinki’. The data collection for the present study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Weifang Vocational Nursing College, Shandong Province (WFNVC-IRB-2025009). Written informed consent for participation in this study was provided by the students.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
