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Authors
Xiao, Zuyao
Cui, Ruiqing
Liu, Jiaxin
Jing, Guohua
Wei, Lingyun
Huang, Mina
Liu, Ying
Liu, Tao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Liaoning Provincial Science and Technology Program (2025-MSLH-240)
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2026
Accepted: 3 August 2026
First Online: 7 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Jinzhou Medical University (Approval No.: JZMULL2026193) and carried out in line with the Declaration of Helsinki. Before the survey, all participants were fully informed of the study’s purpose and content, and each provided written informed consent. Participation was entirely voluntary, and participants could withdraw at any time without giving a reason. All personal information was kept strictly confidential, and the collected data were used solely for academic analysis in this study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. No identifiable personal information or images are included in this manuscript.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
