Document is current

Article History

Received: 13 January 2026

Accepted: 4 August 2026

First Online: 7 August 2026

Declarations

Ethics, consent to participate: Institutional Review Board of the University of Cape Coast (ID- UCCIRB/CES/2021/167) and Navrongo Health Research Center (ID-NIIRCIRB468) granted ethical clearance for the study. We also sought permission from the Regional, Municipal/District Directorates of GHS and CHAG, as well as from all facility heads. We also sought permission from the nursing association's leaders to circulate the electronic questionnaire via WhatsApp platforms. In addition, we provided an informed consent form that explained the study's purpose, estimated the time required to complete the questionnaire, outlined the participant's right to withdraw from the study, assured confidentiality and anonymity, and described the possible risks associated with the study. The consent form was attached to the questionnaire, and each participant signed it to complete the survey.

Consent for publication: Not applicable.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.