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Authors
Utama, Tuti Anggriani
Ibrahim, Kusman
Widiasih, Restuning
Arisanti, Nita
Wardika, Izdihar Javier
Alhaq, Karina Fitria
Karisa, Putri
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Padjadjaran
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Article History
Received: 7 June 2026
Accepted: 13 August 2026
First Online: 18 September 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable. As this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of previously published, publicly available data, no new data involving human participants were collected directly by the authors, and therefore no institutional ethics approval or individual participant consent was required. All included primary studies had reportedly obtained their own institutional ethics approval and participant consent as documented in the original publications. This review was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and reported following the PRISMA guidelines.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
