Pari, Bakht
Khan, Sumbal https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8703-7907
Arooj, Anam
Sylvester, Sheeza
Zafar, Soha
Nazir, Misha
Khan, Ruby https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5419-1944
Article History
Received: 24 May 2026
Accepted: 1 September 2026
First Online: 12 September 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Family Care Center Hayatabad Ethical Committee (Approval Code: 6236–24, dated 1 January 2024), in accordance with institutional and national guidelines. Formal institutional permissions for staff recruitment were obtained from the Nursing Directorates and Institutional Review Boards of both Lady Reading Hospital and Khyber Teaching Hospital. Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants.
Consent to publish: Not applicable – this manuscript contains no individual person’s data in any form.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.