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Article History

Received: 17 January 2017

Accepted: 24 January 2018

First Online: 31 January 2018

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: The study was carried out in accordance with the Code of Ethics of the Declaration of Helsinki. Data for this study were collected within a previous study, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the State Chamber of Physicians in Hamburg (Germany). Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the data collection. Since the study at hand was a secondary data analysis, no additional examination of the study by the ethics committee was necessary.

: Not applicable.

: MK and JT declare that they have no competing interests. MH declares that he is co-PI in a SDM research project funded by Mundipharma GmBH, a pharmaceutical company. IS conducted one physician training in shared-decision making within the research project funded by Mundipharma GmBH. The authors did not receive funding from Mundipharma GmBH for this paper, nor was the company involved in any steps of this study or publication process. GE declares that he has edited and published books that provide royalties on sales by the publishers: the books include Shared Decision Making (Oxford University Press) and Groups (Radcliffe Press). He has in the past provided consultancy for 1) Emmi Solutions LLC who develop patient decision support tools; 2) National Quality Forum on the certification of decision support tools; 3) Washington State Health Department on the certification of decision support tools; 4) SciMentum LLC, Amsterdam (workshops for shared decision making). He is currently director of &think LLC which owns the registered trademark for Option Grids TM patient decision aids. He provides consultancy in the domain of shared decision making and patient decision aids to: 1) Access Community Health Network, Chicago (Federally Qualified Medical Centers), and to 2) EBSCO Health Option Grids TM patient decision aids. GE initiated the Option Grid Collaborative, tools that are hosted on a website managed by Dartmouth College, on /). Existing Option Grids hosted at this website are freely available until such time as the tools have expired. He owns copyright in measures of shared decision making and care integration, namely CollaboRATE, IntegRATE, and Observer OPTION. These measures are freely available for use.

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