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Article History

Received: 20 September 2018

Accepted: 26 December 2018

First Online: 8 January 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval not required for the current study performing secondary analyses. Permission to use the data for this study was granted from the DHS. As this was an observational study based on secondary data, there were minimal risks associated with participation in this study.Questionnaires used for the purposes of the study were relevant to the health issues and context of the Nepali population. It was adapted from previous surveys and approved by various government stakeholders, ministries, agencies, NGOs and donors.NFHS personnel acquired verbal informed consent from facility in-charges and individual respondents prior to data collection and interviews in line with the DHS methodology. Respondents were told they could ask questions or end interviews at any time. The identity of respondents and providers was anonymised after data collection.

: Not applicable.

: None of the authors have any competing interests.

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