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Article History

Received: 18 January 2019

Accepted: 27 October 2019

First Online: 21 November 2019

Ethics approval and consent to participate

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Research Review Board of the Institute of Public Health, the University of Gondar, which approved the procedure (Ref. No. IPH/284/2017), and a support letter was issued by the Federal Ministry of Health (Ref. No. MH1/1/44/189). Moreover, final ethical clearance was issued by the Addis Ababa health bureau (Ref. No. A.A.H.B/8567/227) and St. Paul’s Millennium Medical college hospital (Ref No. PM23/304). Permission was obtained from respected hospital management and ward heads. The investigators were explained to the participants about the procedures, risks, and benefits of the study. Additionally, investigators are also ensured that participants understood the information they provided to decide whether they want to participate, then verbal consent was obtained from each study participants and from their parents/guardians for those who had difficulty communicating to ensure their voluntariness to participate in the study. Finally, participant’s privacy and confidentiality of the information were maintained through non-identifiers of the name.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.