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Article History

Received: 2 February 2021

Accepted: 14 July 2021

First Online: 31 July 2021

Declarations

:

: This research has been performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki as well as the Swedish ethical guidelines for research that are based on The Swedish Act for Ethics in research and The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity:ExternalRef removedEthical permissions were approved by the Regional Ethical Board in Stockholm (Dnr 2013/1620–31/2; 2018/247–32). The organization of ethical boards was re-organized in Sweden during 2019. The present name is Swedish Ethical Review Authority (ExternalRef removed). Due to the register-based design of the study, informed consent was not collected, a procedure that was approved by the Regional Ethical Board in Stockholm and the responsible health care authorities.The Swedish Act for Ethics in research allows research to be conducted without informed consent in some cases. Paragraph §§ 20–22 state:Research may be carried out without the consent, if mental illness, deteriorating health or any other similar condition of the subject prevent his or her opinion from being obtained, if:- the research can be expected to provide knowledge that is not possible to obtain through research with consent, and.- the research can be expected to lead to direct benefit for the subject.Even if the latter is not met, the research may be carried out if:- the purpose is to contribute to a result that may be of benefit to the subject or someone else suffering from the same or similar disease or disorder, and.- the research entails an insignificant risk of injury or an insignificant discomfort for the subject.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.