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Authors
Joo, Moon Kyung http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-3695
Yoo, Ji Won http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7196-8682
Mojtahedi, Zahra http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5133-7744
Kim, Pearl http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1489-7950
Hwang, Jinwook http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4940-165X
Koo, Ja Seol http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1202-075X
Kang, Hee-Taik http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8048-6247
Shen, Jay J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4993-8329
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2021
Accepted: 13 December 2021
First Online: 4 January 2022
Declarations
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: The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) found the current study to be exempt with negligible risks to subjects. It was practically not feasible to receive patient consent from a deidentified large secondary dataset. The federal government intentionally made it impossible to link any hospital discharge in NIS with the state the patient resides in to protect the patient’s privacy and confidentiality. The patient consent process was a part of the UNLV IRB review and the IRB approved this study (IRB no. 1098939–3). All methods were carried out in accordance with Helsinki declaration.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
