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Authors
O’Bryan, Gillian
Ensminger, Alison
Billah, Idel
Sithole, Edwin
Nghatanga, Magdaleena
Brandt, Laura
Shepard, Mark
Aupokolo, Mekondjo
Mengistu, Assegid Tassew
Forster, Norbert
Zemburuka, Brigitte
Mutandi, Gram
Barnhart, Scott
O’Malley, Gabrielle
Feldacker, Caryl
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NU2GGH001430)
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Article History
Received: 28 February 2023
Accepted: 11 September 2023
First Online: 29 September 2023
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study obtained all required approvals from the Namibian Ministry of Health and Social Services and received a non-research determination from the University of Washington Institutional Review Board and was reviewed in accordance with CDC human research protection procedures and was determined to be a non-research, public health program activity. Additionally, this study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. In Namibia, adults < 18 years must obtain written approval from a parent or guardian for VMMC surgical procedures, no additional verbal or written consent from patients was not sought for this secondary analysis of the de-identified, aggregate data.
: Not applicable.
: The findings and conclusions in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the funding agencies.
