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Article History

Received: 5 January 2023

Accepted: 6 November 2023

First Online: 12 December 2023

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no ethical issues. All participants provided informed consent prior to participating in the study. The University of Alberta Health Research Ethics Board approved this research (Pro00110635). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: DPG is chief investigator, or co-investigator on multiple previous and current research grants from government research agencies in Canada (e.g. Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Alberta Innovates, Alberta Labour and Immigration) and the Netherlands (e.g. TechForFuture Centre of Expertise HTSM Oost). His research has also received funding from philanthropy and quasi-governmental agencies (e.g. Workers’ Compensation Board of Alberta, Workers’ Compensation Board of Manitoba, WorkSafeBC, Institute for Health Economics) and charities linked to professional body membership (e.g. Physiotherapy Foundation of Canada, Canadian Occupational Therapy Foundation). Additionally, he has received research grants from industry (Medtronics). His travel expenses have been covered when he has been an invited speaker at conferences and he has received honoraria for talks, reviewing grants and theses (no honoraria or travel expenses from pharmaceutical or device companies). JW has received research grants (paid to institution) from Canadian Institutes for Health Research, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, outside the current work. He has also received research grants (paid to the institution) from Janssen and Bayer. JW has also received honoraria and speaker’s fees (paid to him) as well as travel support from Janssen. JW has received payments for attending advisory boards (paid to him) from Janssen and Acceleron. GL has received research grants from Roche Diagnostics, Alberta Lung, and Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) as well as honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim (honoraria for educational event) and Alberta Lung (honoraria for educational event). All other authors declare no conflicts of interest.