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Article History

Received: 11 January 2023

Accepted: 24 January 2024

First Online: 9 February 2024

Declarations

:

: The authors have requested permission to use the UDHS datasets from the DHS program website ExternalRef removed. The demographics and health survey also anonymized all data before making it publicly available. The ICF IRB reviewed and approved the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey. The ORC MACRO, ICF Macro, and ICF IRBs complied with US Department of Health and Human Services regulations for protecting human subjects (45 CFR 46). All participants gave their informed verbal consent to participate in the study; for minors, their parents or legal guardians consented. In addition, GPS localization with DHS is not precise but somewhat random within administrative entities. Geo-located data are displaced to safeguard the privacy of respondents. The displacement procedure relocates the latitude and longitude according to predetermined parameters. Urban locations are displaced 0-2 kilometres, rural locations 0-5 kilometres, and 1% (or every 100th point) are displaced 0-10 kilometres [CitationRef removed]. Furthermore, details on the conduct of the study can be found in the 2016 UDHS report [CitationRef removed, CitationRef removed] and more details about the data and ethical standards are available at http:// goo.gl/ny8T6X. The authors would like to confirm that all methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations in the Helsinki Declaration.

: Not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests.