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Article History

Received: 21 December 2023

Accepted: 31 January 2025

First Online: 5 February 2025

Declarations

:

: High international ethical standards are ensured during MEASURE DHS surveys, and the study protocol is performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines. The SLDHS 2019 survey protocol was reviewed and approved by the Sierra Leone Ethics and Scientific Review Committee and the ICF Institutional Review Board. Written informed consent was obtained from human participants, and written informed consent was obtained from legally authorised representatives of minor participants. This data set was obtained from the MEASURE DHS website ( ) after getting their permission, and no formal ethical clearance was obtained since we conducted a secondary analysis of publicly available data. Information on ethical procedures for the DHS survey may be obtained from .

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.