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Article History

Received: 5 July 2024

Accepted: 7 February 2025

First Online: 18 March 2025

Declarations

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: Ethical approval was obtained by the Ethics Committee of the Metz-Jury Mental Health Hospital (Comité éthique de l’Etablissement Publique de Santé Mentale Metz-Jury).This study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and national guidelines.Waiver of consent for non-interventional research.According to the French Code de la santé publique (Public health code), as in force at the relevant time, there was no need for informed consent because the research conducted is non-interventional. Thus, the Legislative part of the Public health code, First book on the Protection of persons in the health sector, Title II of which is entitled ‘Biomedical research’ sets out the rules governing consent. Non-interventional research is defined, in Article L1121-1 (), as ‘research … which poses no risk or force in which all medical acts and products are used routinely’. Whereas for other types of research, explicit and informed consent is necessary, non-interventional research is always permitted unless a person has refused to be the subject of research (Article L1122-1–1, ). None of the persons involved in the present study refused being the subject of research.

: Non applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.