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Article History

Received: 28 October 2024

Accepted: 13 March 2025

First Online: 27 March 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for data collection was obtained at Peking University and updated annually. For all study data involving human participants, the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki are adhered to. Approval for this study was given by the medical ethics committee of Health Science Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University (approval number 2015 − 642). All respondents gave written informed consent prior to data collection.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.