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Article History

Received: 13 January 2025

Accepted: 21 March 2025

First Online: 1 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The study received full approval from the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee, University of Pretoria, South Africa (281/2023). In addition, the Ghana Health Service Ethics Review Committee approved the study protocol and granted permission to use the PHC clinics in Ghana (GHS-ERC013/08/23). Introductory and approval letters from the Ghana Health Service were sent to all the PHC clinics included in the study prior to its commencement. Informed consent was obtained from all participating HCWs before they were deemed eligible for inclusion in the study. The study methods adhered to strict ethical guidelines and regulations in accordance with the Helsinki declaration.

: Not applicable.

: EMM declares that he is employed by Abbott Laboratories as a Scientific Affairs Manager for Africa and a co-supervisor to ED. He, therefore, acknowledges that he is aware of his responsibility to take the necessary steps to take reasonable steps to avoid any potential or perceived conflict of interest during his co-supervision duties in this study. Moreover, as a co-supervisor, his contribution and decisions were reviewed and approved by TM-T, the main supervisor of the study. All authors declare no other conflict of interest.