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Article History

Received: 21 March 2024

Accepted: 31 March 2025

First Online: 8 April 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and was verbally agreed by the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The Ethics Committee believes that the anonymous correspondence method used in this study protects the identity of the respondents and does not involve the privacy of the respondents. At the same time, before the expert letter consultation, the respondents were informed of the research purpose and obtained their oral consent. All respondents agreed to provide data anonymously. In addition, this study does not involve human participation, human data, human tissue or case report, nor does it involve human privacy. This study does not include any studies involving humans or animals. The Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University considers that the construction of nursing sensitive indicators in this study conforms to the regulations of the Ethics Committee of the institution on exemption from ethical review and has been exempted. And the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University approved this procedure of verbal informed consent for this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.