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Authors
Pathman, Donald E.
de Saxe Zerden, Lisa
Konrad, Thomas R.
Shafer, Amanda Beth
Harrison, Jerry N.
Fannell, Jackie
Lombardi, Brianna M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (U81HP46529‐01‐01)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (U81HP46529‐01‐01)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (U81HP46529‐01‐01)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (U81HP46529‐01‐01)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (U81HP46529‐01‐01)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (U81HP46529‐01‐01)
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (U81HP46529‐01‐01)
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Article History
Received: 9 October 2024
Accepted: 3 April 2025
First Online: 24 April 2025
Declarations
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: Studies using these data gathered principally for administrative purposes have been deemed exempt from human subjects review by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Office of Human Research Ethics (Study 12–0626). As such, informed consent from clinicians is not required. This study was conducted in accordance with both the U.S. Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects and the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
